How to Build an Effective Marketing Schedule (Includes Template)

How to Build an Effective Marketing Schedule (Includes Template) You may believe that spending time getting organized takes time away from getting work done. Variations on this thought are sometimes common among creatives who pride themselves on thriving under chaotic conditions, or just aren’t inclined toward getting organized. The thinking goes that if one focuses on the work itself, everything else can be set aside, and things will somehow work out. This is a dangerous belief. Failing to get organized leads to inefficiency, which leads to less productivity and ultimately less effective work. In fact, according to a survey, marketers who are organized are 397% more likely to report being successful. According to that same survey, only 14% of respondents considered themselves Very Organized. An additional 51% say they’re Somewhat Organized, which is encouraging, yet suggests room for improvement. But, how can marketing teams actually begin getting organized? Developing a clear marketing schedule for projects and campaigns is a good start. This can mean planning everything around a calendar, some sort of list, a kanban board, or whatever format helps your team work best (and as an aside, supports visualizing your work in all three of these ways). In this post, you’ll learn: What goes into scheduling projects. From determining resource availability to actually managing the work. How to get your team on board with process change and getting organized. In case not everyone is willing to buy in right away, or abandon old ways of working. An effective way to plan and manage everything on your schedule. A step-by-step process for putting this advice into practice. Plus, you’ll find a downloadable template to help you get started. What Do We Mean By Marketing Schedule? In simplest terms, a marketing schedule can be anything thats used to track the following: Projects and campaigns your team will work on. Which team members will be responsible for each one. The deadlines and ship dates for deliverables. Plus, it can also include any other information your team might find useful. This may vary depending on what you’re working on. Our template included in this post, then, is intended to be flexible in order to suit your own organizational needs. There are a lot of reasons to use a schedule for all your content, too. Here’s a short list: Stress less. Working without a clear strategy sucks. It leaves team members frantically scrambling to produce directionless content at the last minute. Ultimately, this leaves everyone feeling exasperated and undermines success. Work more efficiently. When you don’t have to think about what you’re going to do in a day, you’re mentally free to focus on what matters. That leads to getting more done in less time. Increasing transparency across your team. Not knowing what the rest of your team is working on can lead to misunderstandings and frustration. Laying out all your projects in one shared space makes it easier for everyone to see what everyone else is doing (and plan projects accordingly). Its important to note were not talking about a public schedule of marketing events (like an event calendar, or something to that effect). Some Tools to Consider Before You Start Whether youre looking for a tool, a scheduling process, or both, youll need capable software to do this right. And there are lots of different options available with different strengths and features to consider. Here are some different types that are out there: Paper Planners: These are great for keeping personal notes and projects. For marketing teams though, they may not be ideal. Spreadsheets:  Theyre not great, but theyre (mostly) free and theyre better than nothing. This is often where marketing teams will start. Dedicated software: Marketing organization software like or other general-purpose project management tools are the premium route. Make Things Easy With This Downloadable Template If you dont have the budget for paid tools, or dont want to build your own spreadsheet, you can use this template to get up and running right away. This post will explain how to use its different fields to map out a complete marketing schedule (and for when youre ready to upgrade, itll also walk through how to use for this purpose). Step 1: Determine Projects to Place on Your Schedule So, you've decided you’re ready to build out a complete marketing schedule for your content. The first thing you’ll need to do is figure out which projects need to go on your schedule. Start by listing out all your recurring project types. Possible content types could include: Blog posts Design projects Videos Podcasts Email newsletters Essentially, what we want to first establish is which recurring types of content do you know you’ll create regularly on an ongoing basis. Once you have this figured out, start planning out the specific ideas for each content type you’ll create. This means developing a list of specific titles and working headlines for each piece. Fill Your Schedule With an Effective Brainstorming Process We’re big believers in group brainstorming here at . If you don’t have any specific ideas for content lined up yet, this quick process may help you change that. Here’s how our 30-minute three-step brainstorming process works: Have everyone on your team spend 10 minutes writing down ideas. Don’t worry if they’re good or not. Just get them down on paper. Then, spend 10 minutes reading those ideas aloud, and have everyone score them silently. Use a three-point scale, where three’s are the best ideas you absolutely need to create, two’s are average ideas that need work, and one’s are duds to be tossed out. Expect to see a mix of ideas that fall into all three buckets. Last, spend ten minutes discussing every idea that everyone agreed was a three. From these, choose the ideas you’ll actually execute on. Depending on how much content you typically produce, you can expect to generate a month’s worth of ideas this way (that’s typically the result we get, but your results may vary). Once you have a list of awesome ideas, hold onto them. These are the content pieces you’ll use to kick off your organized marketing schedule. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Assign Projects to Team Members Next, determine who will be creating each piece of content on your schedule. This means including everyone involved in seeing each project through from ideation to completion. Possible team members could include: Writers Designers Programmers Project Managers And anyone else involved Recommended Reading: How to Boost a Marketing Workflow Process That Will Reduce Work By 30-50% Establish a Color-Coding Scheme Color-coding your schedule makes it easier to tell projects apart at a glance. Assign one color to each type of project. For example, all your blog posts might be green, while videos could be orange, and so on. Alternatively, you might also want to color-code projects based on the teams or individuals they’re assigned to. Tip: If you’re using , you can use Custom Color Labels to color-code everything on your calendar: Step 2: Determine the Steps Required to Complete Each Project If you have recurring project types you create on a regular basis, odds are you have pre-defined workflows for each project. If you don’t, it’s time to consider documenting checklists you can use to make sure every project on your schedule is completed thoroughly. This helps prevent wasting time to fix errors later and enables teams to work more efficiently and effectively. Get out a text editor and lay out your steps like this: Step 1: [INSERT STEP] Step 2: [INSERT STEP] Step 3: [INSERT STEP] For a blog post, a hypothetical checklist might look like this: Step 1: Find a target keyword Step 2: Write 20 headline options Step 3: Craft an outline Step 4: Write your post Step 5: Proofread /  edit Step 6: Schedule publish date Simple stuff. To build your own checklists, ask yourself: Which steps do we usually follow to complete this task? Are there steps we could consider adding, to make this process more effective? Are there unnecessary steps we should remove to increase efficiency? If you’ve never thought about this in detail before, you might discover you’re either missing key steps in your processes, or are wasting time on things you can eliminate. Either way, you can easily boost your productivity this way. Tip: If you’re using , you can easily build reusable checklists called Task Templates: Why Are Checklists Important? Checklists are essential for making your marketing schedule more useful. Planning projects ahead of time loses its value if those projects aren’t completed properly. Plus, if part of our goal is to increase efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring steps aren’t missed is crucial. For more insight into the power of checklists, watch this video of Atul Gawande, author of The Checklist Manifesto: Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Marketing Campaign Checklist That Will Get You Proactive The Best Content Marketing Checklist to Make You More Successful How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Awesome Checklist How to Write Amazing Posts With This Blog Writing Checklist Step 3: Place Projects on Your Marketing Schedule Now that you’ve got all your ducks in a row, it’s time to start dropping your content onto your marketing schedule. Set (Realistic) Deadlines Every project should have a clear and realistic deadline. But, how do you determine what a realistic deadline looks like? There’s a data-backed solution to help you figure out. Start by roughly estimating the amount of time it usually takes you to complete a certain type of task or project. Set your first deadline accordingly. Then, track your actual time spent working on those types of projects over time. Set realistic deadlines by tracking the actual time it takes to complete projects.You can do this by creating a time-tracking spreadsheet (like this simple free Google Drive spreadsheet) and a timer. You can either use a timer on your phone  or the free desktop timer app Timer-Tab.com: Eventually, you’ll start to see a pattern. Once you have about ten completed projects on your time sheet, calculate the average time it took to get from start to finish. You’ll now have a clear idea of how long a project should typically take. Set Up Deadline Alerts What happens if you forget to check your schedule and blow a deadline? Odds are, your boss will look something like this: And you’ll feel something like this: Avoid catastrophe! Use Google Calendar to set up an alert for each deadline. That way, you’ll get an email reminder to make sure you don’t forget. Start by clicking a time on your Google Calendar and give your project a name: Then, click Edit Event to control how frequently you receive reminders. Adjust to your own preference: Now, you won’t have an excuse for blowing that deadline.  If you’re a user, you’ll receive email and in-app notifications to show you when deadlines are approaching. They're all visible upon logging in on your dashboard as well:Now, Finally, Let’s Add Your Projects to Your Marketing Schedule If you haven’t done so yet, download the marketing schedule template included in this blog post. Then, click the Marketing Schedule tab in the lower left: Here’s what you’ll see in there: At first, you’ll see a ton of columns. Let’s break down what each one is for: Title. Self-explanatory. This is your headline. Article Type: For a blog post or article, list the article type. Ex: How-To, News Announcement, etc. Image Type: If your post will include an infographic, image gallery, or other design-intensive graphic, list it here. Deadline: If it’s not done by this date, there had better be a good reason. Step In Process: Update your progress here. Ex: Ideation, Writing, Design, Editing, etc. Subject Matter Expert: If you’re depending on an internal subject matter expert to support and review your content for factual accuracy, include their name here. Designer: Who’s creating your graphics† Author: Who’s writing your content? Notes: Keep miscellaneous notes about your project here. In Edit Folder?: If this content is ready for editing, denote that in this column. That’s it. You can start by filling in the Title field, and then updating your progress as you move along. Next, let’s look under the Workflows tab: Here’s what you’ll see next: To complete this tab, edit the Project Type to reflect the types of content you create (blog posts, social campaigns, videos, etc). Then, fill in each field accordingly: Steps: List out each step to complete that project type. Hours: Include how much time each step should take (on average). Explanation: Write out a short description of what each step entails. This will help you keep each project you create consistently on track. Here's how to keep every content marketing project you create on trackUsing Your Marketing Schedule Template Now you know how to get your spreadsheet set up. The next step is to actually use it. Follow these steps to get the most out of it. Color-Code! This sounds like a simple step, but it makes a big help when you want to look at your schedule and see what’s up fast. Use the Color Key section of your template to keep track of which colors you’re associating with which projects or team members: Decide Who Will Own Your Schedule There are a few approaches you can take here. You can either have everyone on your team add their own projects, or have one person in charge of adding updates and maintaining the document. There’s also a third option, where team leads can manage projects for their respective staff. Stay Consistent By Making Organization a Habit Tools only work as well as your ability to use them. Make it a habit to look at your schedule every day. Once you get into a routine of using a planning schedule, working productively will become something you just do, without having to think about it. In order to build a habit successfully, it helps to understand how habits are developed. According to Duhigg, studies show that repeating processes enough times literally causes your brain to require less effort to complete that same task. To get yourself to keep doing that task, you’ll need to develop a cue to spark that action. This could be sitting down at your desk first thing in the morning, or maybe pouring that first cup of coffee for the day. If you do something at the same time every day, or have something to cue the habitual response in your brain to perform that action (like getting coffee), you’ll start doing it without thinking about it. Eventually, it’ll become a routine, and you’ll feel good about being organized. Your brain will then want to keep those positive vibes flowing, and so you’ll feel a sense of reward each time you use your schedule. And, as author Charles Duhigg says in his book, The Power of Habit: â€Å"Champions don’t do extraordinary things. They do ordinary things, but they do them without thinking, too fast for the other team to react. They follow the habits they’ve learned.† So, be a champion. Use your marketing schedule. 'Champions don’t do extraordinary things. They do ordinary things ... too fast for the other team...Scheduling Projects and Campaigns with is an extremely feature-rich marketing organization software suite for marketing teams. Part of that suite is the Marketing Calendar, which allows teams to plan, organize, and schedule every project on one calendar: Now Plan Some Projects on Your Schedule Now you’ve got everything you need to keep all your content and marketing projects planned and organized. That means you’ll be able to: Work with less stress. Hit all your deadlines consistently. Be a marketing rock star. Sound good? Then stop wasting time and get started!

How to Succeed in College

How to Succeed in College Its easy to get tunnel vision when youre working toward a college degree, but you should aspire to more than good grades and graduation. When you finally have that diploma in hand, will you truly feel satisfied? What will you have truly learned and accomplished? Grades are of course crucial to earning your degree and helping you get into  graduate school, but academic success also includes what happens outside your classes. As you take the steps necessary to earn a diploma, look around: College campuses are full of opportunities to experience new activities and meet people who can help you grow. Explore Different Subjects You may arrive at college with a specific career track in mind, or you may not have the slightest idea of what you want to major in. No matter which end of the spectrum youre on, let yourself explore a variety of courses. Take an intro class in a field you know nothing about. Sit it on an unusual seminar. You never know- you may discover something you didnt know youd love. Follow Your Instincts   There will undoubtedly be many people giving you advice about what you should do during- and after- college. Take your time exploring your interests, and once it comes time to make decisions about your future, pick a career and course of study that suits you, not your parents. Pay attention to what excites you and make sure youre happy with your academic plans. Once youve made a choice, feel confident in your decision. Take Advantage of the Resources Around You Once youve decided on a major- or even a career- make the most of the time you have left, be it one year or four. Take classes from the best professors in your department. Stop by during their office hours to get feedback on your performance and ask any questions you couldnt get answered in class. Grab coffee with your favorite professors and talk about what they love about their field. This concept goes beyond professors, too. If youre struggling with a certain subject or assignment, see if theres a study group or tutoring center that can help you overcome the obstacle. No one expects you to figure out everything on your own. Find Ways to Learn Outside the Classroom Youll only spend so many hours attending class and doing homework- what are you doing with the remaining hours of your day? How you spend your time outside of the classroom is a critical part of your college experience. Make it a priority to branch out, because youre unlikely to have another time in your life where you can so frequently try new things. In fact, the real world is a lot more like what youll encounter in extracurricular activities than in the classroom, so make time for them. Join a club or organization that explores your interests and passions. You could even run for a leadership position and develop skills that will serve you later in your career. Consider learning about a different culture by studying abroad. See if you have the opportunity to earn course credit by completing an internship. Attend events put on by clubs youre not a member of. No matter what you do, youll almost certainly learn something new- even if its just something new about yourself. Allow Yourself to Be Happy College is not just about fulfilling your academic aspirations. You need to enjoy your life at college, too. Make sure to make time in your schedule for the things that keep you healthy, whether it be going to the gym or attending religious services. Make time to talk to your family, hang out with your friends, eat well, and get enough sleep. In other words: take care of all of yourself, not just your brain.

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Management - Assignment Example Additionally, such technologies prove data management and visibility. It should be noted that companies and organizations that have above average performers in their warehouses usually performed with maximum quality and quantity along their production lines. Most of such organizations have been classified as world-class companies that have since lowered their warehousing costs annually. Therefore, in adopting a new warehouse for the Joshua Ltd management must consider adopting and implementing the technological systems within the warehouse. Warehouse Technology Investment Plan Most of the warehouse machineries must be in the automated equipment and visible data management that is provided for by the use of the internet monitoring technology. Even though the use of technology shall require adequate training of the employees, the system may be expensive for the very instance; however, the use of automated warehouse will be less expensive at the long run (Roberts, 2011). Additionally, t he installations and purchase of such equipment will be expensive for the company including the space that some of these automated equipments may require. ... Initiation of reporting capabilities and management planning Planning to adopt and use recommended warehouse layout and slotting tools. These tools will increase goods and services handling within and outside the warehouse. Moreover, in this category, the company may adopt highly experienced integrator systems to increase the productivity within the warehouse footprints (Mckinney, 2003; pg. 78). Finally, the new warehouse management must focus on analytics towards improving gross margin and productivity management. Background Information The current business demands especially business that are involved in supply chain can no longer ignore warehouse management system. Such companies and organizations usually expect more from warehouses especially to support them distribution operations (Site selection & industrial development, 1988; pg. 72). The warehouses provide great visibility in order, stacks statuses, and inventory especially inside the warehouse. Additionally, well-structured and organized warehouse will allow channel expansion and support sales growth as well as increase the tailored customer service fulfillment. Regardless of facility square footage or revenue of the company, different analyses have indicated warehouse management systems especially the automation are fundamental in facilitating effective and efficient warehousing technology towards best class productivity (Csapo? and Balogh, 2012; pg. 187). The contemporary warehouse management systems or technologies offer elaborate and expanded capabilities as well as improved visibility. Therefore, all companies regardless of the size should embark on effective warehouse systems and or technologies to fast track operation and service delivery within such organizations

Strategies in Teaching L2 Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategies in Teaching L2 Writing - Essay Example There is heightened cognitive interference when these procedures are jumbled with second language processing cognitive mechanisms. The degree of interference varies depending on a student’s proficiency level whereby students with a higher proficiency level have less interference, and the reverse holds true for students with a lower proficiency level. More often than not, L2 learners depend on their L1 writing to gain proficiency in their L2 writing; however, the extent of usage also varies based on the level of proficiency. L2 learners with a high proficiency level rely on their L1 writing skills less due to their heightened L2 knowledge, which in turn gives them the autonomy to sustain the writing process without the risk of a complete breakdown. This is far from the case for lower L2 proficiency learners, a factor that has triggered scholars’ interest in researching teaching strategies designed to help the former develop proficiency despite their drawbacks. These stra tegies vary among scholars; for example, for Cuming and Uzawa (1989), they included two distinct strategies- â€Å"lowering the standard†, and â€Å"keeping the standard†. The former allowed instructors to teach L2 writing within a reasonable timeframe while utilizing minimal mental effort; it included strategies such as simplification of syntax, and reduction of information among others. On the other hand, the latter strategy allowed instructors to teach L2 writing by maintaining the standards achieved by learners in L1 writing; it included strategies such as extensive revision (Uzawa, and Cuming, 1989). In contemporary society, technology continues to play a vital role in students’ acquisition of L2 writing. Explored in this essay is the use of technology in teaching L2 writing, impact of the educational environment, teaching strategies used for lower proficiency L2 writing learners, and the effect of peer and

Video games and time wasting Essay Example for Free

Video games and time wasting Essay There is a fine line between using your time to your advantage and one of which you’re on a couch watching the latest Hannah Montana episode. I plan on explain how you use video games to achieve that maximum goal. Many adults over the age of 40 don’t take the classic controller or the player seriously and from that you get the hate and criticism you see today. From here on out I will take you on an in-depth tour of the latest video games and how they apply to different subjects. Firstly, this is my thought in the matter; video games are not a waste of time. Video games help you relax, they are just for fun. What most people fail to see when they say things like, video games are a total waste of time is that they too have areas of their life which could be deemed pointless. They however do not see it this way. This is because whatever their time-waste is has something to offer that person. Do you like to watch movies? Few would say no, yet what have you gotten done after an hour and half of sitting in a chair, staring at a screen? Yet these same people can attack video games. True, there are those who play way too much, (I am not one of them), and there is a point where it becomes a problem. The fact is that every form of media has something you can glean from it. This includes movies, games, T. V, books, ect. Movies contain inspiration, Books and T. V contain knowledge, relaxation and humor. Games likewise contain a mixture of all of them, and throw in strategy and interactions to boot. Many people say they are a waste of time, but really they are about as much waste of time as say reading a magazine or a taking a walk in the park. You might not be accomplishing much, but it is entertainment. It’s Simple as that. Let me brief you up on the history at the start of the video game era. The first commercially available video game was Computer Space in 1971, which laid the foundation for a new entertainment industry in the late 1970s within the United States, Japan, and Europe. The arcade game industry entered its Golden Age in 1978 with the release of Space Invaders by Taito, a success that inspired dozens of manufacturers to enter the market. In 1979, Atari released Asteroids. Color arcade games became more popular in 1979 and 1980 with the arrival of titles such as Pac-Man. The Golden Age had a prevalence of arcade machines in shopping malls, traditional storefronts, restaurants and convenience stores. The first home console system was developed by Ralph Baer and his associates. The system was released in the USA in 1972 by Magnavox, called the Magnavox Odyssey. At the end of 1983, the industry experienced losses more severe than the 1977 crash. This was the crash of the video game industry, as well as the bankruptcy of several companies that produced North American home computers and video game consoles from late 1983 to early 1984. It brought an end to what is considered to be the second generation of console video gaming. Causes of the crash include the production of poorly designed games such as Custers Revenge, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial and Pac-Man for the Atari 2600 that suffered due to extremely tight deadlines. It was discovered that more Pac-Man cartridges were manufactured than there were systems sold. In addition, so many E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial cartridges were left unsold that Atari allegedly buried thousands of cartridges in a landfill in New Mexico. The new decade (2010) has seen rising interest in the possibility of next generation consoles being developed in keeping with the traditional industry model of a five-year development cycle. However, in the industry there is believed to be a lack of desire for another race to produce such a console. Reasons for this include the challenge and massive expense of creating consoles that are graphically superior to the current generation, with Sony and Microsoft still looking to recoup development costs on its current consoles. The focus for new technologies is likely to shift onto motion-based peripherals, such as Microsofts Kinect and Sonys PlayStation Move. One new console is Nintendos new handheld: the successor to the Nintendo DS known as the Nintendo 3DS. The system is due for release by the end of the fiscal year (March 2011). The system will incorporate 3D graphics and effects without the need for using 3D glasses. Other features include three cameras (one internal and a dual 3D external set), a motion sensor, a gyro sensor and a Slide Pad that allows 360-degree analog input. Sony is also using 3D technology, with some PS3 games compatible with their 3D TV, the Sony Bravia, also using 3D glasses So you see video games have been around for a long time and I don’t see a point where the will become obsolete. Secondly, videogames have genres much like books. There are several different kind of genres. For example; Role-Playing, First Person Shooter or Third Person Shooter, Adventure, Puzzle, and Education, etc. are all genres of videogames. Many just provide fun and entertainment but they all provide learning one way or another. The learning comes from these topics; hand-eye coordination, problem solving skills, teamwork, tactics, reflex improvement, vocabulary, cash management, multi-tasking, etc. A famous video game is Call of Duty. There are many different variations but it will always give you a little history lesson. Like in the 5th one; World at War, it puts you in the place of an American soldier in World War Two. There is also a softer side of videogames such as the Wii console. There are many videogames for the young gamers such as; Brothers Sesame St: Elmos A to Z Adventure for Nintendo Wii, Math Blaster for the Pc, Magic School bus, and plenty more. As a matter of fact I was walking down an isle at a Toys R Us and picked up a copy of World of Warcraft and a lot of younger kids recognized it. Videogames also have a lot of backstory in it. People get paid just to re-write history straight out of a textbook, script it, then code to where it’s a game that you can play. Burger King also released a videogame a while ago that came with the big kids’ meal. It consisted of some cheap coding and crappy graphics. Strategy Games have you devise methods to solve a goal which is working your mind, thus making you smarter. Same goes with puzzle games like Bejeweled. There are also games that can test your reflexes like that one app for the iPod touch. Of the topic of puzzle games there is one that can be played off of the screen and on a piece of paper. It’s called Sudoku. Sudoku is a logic-based, combinatorial number-placement puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9? 9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3? 3 sub-grids that compose the grid. Many accomplished surgeons come from a video game background. The hand eye coordination practice they received from games is the reason they succeeded. Although gaming is a great past-time it also has some serious downfalls that you need to take into consideration. 1. An increased rate of aggression or violence because of the graphic content and violent images games. 2. A sedimentary lifestyle can result in childhood obesity. 3. Seizures or epilepsy. Those are the many side effects from gaming. Although those may seem serious, playing games for only an hour or two at a time is relatively healthy and stimulates brain activity. So if you read everything carefully you have come to understand that videogames are not a waste of time and are simply just a past time. Just imagine you could be improving your reflexes instead of catching up on the latest Oprah show. I hope this essay enlightened you.

Humanism :: essays research papers

According to Encyclopedia.com humanism is, â€Å" a philosophical and literary movement in which man and his capabilities are the central concern.† While this simple definition certainly does convey the essence of the movement, it does no justice to the whirlwind of artistic and intellectual inspiration stirred up by it. There are many forms of humanistic philosophy in today’s society, but the origin of this school of thought traces its roots back to the days of the scholars of ancient Greece and Rome. It was the revival of and renewed interest in Greco-Roman culture around (during the western transition from medieval to early modern culture) that marked the beginning of the Early Renaissance. The humanists believed that the Greek and Latin classics contained all the lessons one needed to lead a moral and effective life. It was the profound respect for nature and scientific knowledge and of course the reevaluation of classical thought, literature, and art that gave the Renaissance its distinctively secular stamp. Many accomplished artists and intellectuals studied during the roughly 200 year period of the Renaissance, and while some are more recognized than others, it is their combined wisdom that created many of foundations on which modern society is based. Though there were many great intellectuals, and artists during the three Renaissance periods, there are a few who clearly stick out as representing the true attitude of the times. These â€Å"Renaissance Men† as they are now called didn’t limit themselves to one medium of study or expression. Rather they embraced many forms of science and artistry, and through their combined studies observed, recorded, and created many scientific theories about nature, man and nature, and man and himself that still hold truth and are the basis of many fields of study today. Of all the artist-scientists of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci best deserves the title. Born in Florence during the High Renaissance (1452-1519) he was most certainly not a man of â€Å"book learning† da Vinci spent his life observing the world around him, either imitating nature through art, or explaining nature through science. His hundreds of ingenious mechanical inventions and extensive knowledge in the fields of art, biology and the natural sciences immortalize his role as the father of the scientific revolution. Da Vinci’s work Embryo in the Womb (ca.1510) seems to be a perfect example of the impression classic humanism had on the works of the Renaissance.

European Women’s Fashion in the Eighteenth Century

Fashion has been always been a dominate part within every society throughout the years. Fashion is â€Å"a prevailing custom or style of dress, etiquette, socializing, etc. † and â€Å"conventional usage in dress, manners, etc. , especially of polite society, or conformity to it† (â€Å"fashion†). When it comes to fashion, Europe happens to be the most influential continent. For centuries, Europe has always been fashion-forward, influencing many other continents and countries with its style. There has always been the misconception, as stated by fashion historian Aileen Ribeiro in Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe, â€Å"[that] most think immediately of Paris and the French court when they ponder that time [of eighteenth century fashion], forgetting reverberations in England, Italy, and elsewhere worldwide† (Cullen). However, in the eighteenth century (around the 1750s), France was well-known for its rococo style, which was simply â€Å"wide skirts, fine fabrics, and an overdose of embroidery† (â€Å"Women's Fashion of the 18th Century†). Like most French fashion, it spread across Europe. The rococo style emphasized the love of shell-like curves and decorative arts (â€Å"Rococo Fashion Era†). During this time in the late eighteenth century, certain undergarments, gowns, shoes, and simple, refined hairdos and make-up were essential for the fashionable European woman. In the late eighteenth century, women only wore certain undergarments. For example, they wore chemises, stays, panniers, free-hanging pockets, and waistcoats, but they did not wear underwear during this time. The chemises that the women often wore had very low necklines and elbow-length sleeves that flushed out fully. Over the chemise, they wore stays, or corsets, in hopes of attaining the correct, fashionable posture of a woman during this century, which consisted of standing with the shoulders back only slightly; stays generally kept women with cone-like torsos and accentuated large hips. Stays were also usually tied tight but comfortably and offered women back support. At the hips were panniers, or side hoops, which were important when it came to court fashion because they dilated the hips. Free-hanging pockets were tied about the waist, and waistcoats or petticoats were worn over the corsets for warmth. These were the types of undergarments that most late eighteenth century women wore. (â€Å"1750–1795 in Fashion†; Cullen) Aside from the necessary undergarments, low-necked gowns were typical attire in the 1750s. Usually, the gowns had skirt attachments, and the skirts would have an opening in the front to expose the petticoat that the woman wore beneath it. If the gown’s bodice had an opening, then there was usually a stomacher pinned to the corset that was beneath the gown for decoration. The sleeves of the gowns normally had tight elbow-length sleeves that flushed at the ends with frills or ruffles. During this period, gowns were very popular and versatile and could be worn extravagantly or plainly. Upper class women would often have the more expensive, extravagant gowns while the middle and lower class normally settled for the plain â€Å"shortgowns. † (â€Å"1750–1795 in Fashion†) When it came to shoes during the late eighteenth century, women wore them like they wore their clothes. Much like now, in most societies, people dress in terms of their wealth, i. . the rich dress fanciful and the poor dress in what they can afford. The same rules apply to women of the eighteenth century. Women wore shoes with high, curved heels made of colorful silk or delicate leather, sometimes decorated with gold and silver lace and braid. Even though most women of this time dressed in silk gowns that were heavily decorated (as is a requirement of the rococo style), it was rare that the women would have shoes of the same, matching material. The reason for this was that it would just be too expensive. Some of the women’s shoes were laced, and some had decorative buckles. The toes of their shoes were either pointed or a bit rounded. However, further into the eighteenth century, the extravagance behind the fine shoes was simplified. (â€Å"Eighteenth – Century Footwear†). Lastly, women of the eighteenth century didn’t necessarily change their hairstyles much. Women rarely wore wigs, aside from special occasions. Normally, women kept their hair powdered and coiffed, decorated with a small bonnet or flowers, jewelry, and bows (â€Å"Rococo Fashion Era†). Along with the hairstyles came make-up. These hairstyles were fairly simple, leaving more focus onto the woman’s face and her make-up. The point of make-up in the eighteenth century was to make women look â€Å"artificial,† hence why many women strived for pale skin (â€Å"Women's Fashion of the 18th Century†). It wasn’t until later, after the rococo era, that high wigs became fashionable. Fashion has always been an important aspect in history. As mentioned earlier, Europe has always been the â€Å"fashion-forward† continent in the world, influencing many other countries around the world. The rococo style, also known as the baroque style, was one of the influential fashion changes that occurred throughout Europe and was emphasized by the French. With a popular style that emphasized shell-like curves and elaborate decoration, the fashion-forward European woman of the eighteenth century embraced the new era – the rococo era – taking in the customs of only wearing certain undergarments, gowns, shoes, and simple, refined hairdos and make-up. This was fashion in the eighteenth century.

Wipro Report

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESOPONSIBILITY of [pic] Submitted to Prof. Rajeev Gowda [pic] SUBMITTED By JAYAPRASAD V 1011243 JEFFERSON KADUVINAL ABRAHAM 1011244 JITESH MEHTA 1011245 Contents 1. Introduction3 2. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives3 2. 1 Wipro Cares3 2. 2 Wipro Applying Thought in Schools4 2. 3 Mission10X5 2. 4 ECO Eye5 3. Stake holders and CSR initiatives7 4. Controversies8 5. Conclusion8 6. Appendix9 Introduction Wipro headquartered in Bangalore is one of India’s leading firms which was founded by Mr. M. H Premji. Its business can be categorized under three main headings: †¢ IT, BPO, R&D and Consulting Services: Wipro Technologies, Wipro Infotech †¢ Consumer and Institutional Products: Wipro Consumer Care and Lightning †¢ Infrastructure and Ecological Engineering: Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Wipro as an organization recognizes the importance of corporate social responsibility and has taken several initiatives to benefit the stakeholders. Wipro Model of Good Citizenship[1] [pic] Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives[i] 2. 1 Wipro Cares Unlike mere philanthropy, this initiative channelizes the efforts of the employees and their friends to provide a long term benefit to the society. It focuses on two main areas – assisting in disaster management by providing rehabilitation to the survivors of natural calamities and initiating a learning enhancement program which would improve the skill set and self esteem of the underprivileged children ; thereby ensuring that they grow up to be independent. Under this scheme, Wipro launched five new projects in 2007-08 which was in addition to the eight ongoing projects. Some major ongoing projects are as follows: |Tsunami relief initiatives which include reclamation of agricultural land, donation of boats to fishermen and construction of school | |buildings have been undertaken at Pushpavanam village, Tamil Nadu. | |Learning enhancement programmes which aim to broaden the horizon and increase awareness levels have been successfully implemented in | |several schools – Olcott Memorial School, Chennai, TVK School in Chennai and Government Secondary School, Bangalore. The success of | |these programs aptly demonstrates the benefit of sensitizing and involving employees in contributing to society. | |Wiproites in Kolkatta in association with an NGO provide health care services for families of brick kiln labour camp children. | |In association with Swadhar, an NGO, Wipro has helped set up community centres for marginalized families. A vocational course and a | |school are run by Swadhar from this centre. | |Makkala Jagriti is an after school safe home set up in Bangalore for around 200 children. | 2. Wipro Applying Thought in Schools Wipro firmly believes that an educated India is the key to bring about societal change. This initiative is aimed at improving the quality of education with the long term focus being to develop systems which would allow each child to reach his potential. Projects aimed at educational reform have been undertaken with organizations such as Disha, Gurgaon and Katha, Delhi. Wipro has fostered relationships with many NGO†™s. Wipro is also a member of the CII National Committee of Education Reforms. Wipro Applying Thought In Schools[2] [pic] The experiment based learning projects are of two types: †¢ Holistic School Engagement Programs: Wipro has worked with over 1100 schools. For example, Eklavya in Bhopal, is an initiative at providing education for the economically disadvantaged children by developing material and teacher development programs. †¢ Capability building for organizations: This aims at introducing school reform and providing grants to build resource centres in the organization. For example, support has been given to Udaan-Janvikas, Ahmedabad to build the organization into an educational resource centre. . 3 Mission10X Mission10X, is a not for profit trust established in 2007 with the aim of improving the quality of engineering education in the country and producing employable graduates who are equipped with the necessary skill set. Workshops have been held which have empowered more than 1000 faculty members. These workshops focus on asset building aimed at creating a world class repository of lea rning assets. The mission is to eventually empower 10,000 faculty members by 2010. 2. 4 ECO Eye Wipro has engaged in a transformation drive to fulfil its commitment to ecological sustainability. In addition, it is also trying to educate all stakeholders regarding the fragile ecosystem and the urgent need to take affirmative action. This drive was kicked off in 2008 and it involves all stakeholders – employees, suppliers, partners and communities. As per, Mr Azim Premji, Chairman, Wipro Ltd, â€Å"We firmly believe business cannot be built at the cost of ecology. It is not sustainable. Ecological Sustainability will increasingly be the defining force for society and business globally. Wipro will work on the dimensions of carbon neutrality, water balance, waste management and bio-diversity. Eco Eye is the â€Å"eye† through which we attempt to see everything, and act for ecological sustainability. †[3] | | The themes for eco-action include identification of a portfolio for sustainability investments that will generate new lines of revenue and profits and remodel internal operations to reach neutrality/surplus in the elements of energy, water, waste. In addition, there exists a â€Å"Beyond Wipro† initiative to partner with national and global groups to take sustainability initiatives and to motivate employees to make environment friendly changes in their personal lives. The initiative to invest in a new portfolio for sustainability is in line with Milton Friedman’s views, wherein Wipro has made a business case for social responsibility. In addition, Wipro recognizes that society is becoming more conscious and in due course of time, both customers and employees may demand the need for sustainability and the government may also mandate it. Hence, it is clearly in their interest to take the lead and tap the hitherto unknown business opportunities. Eco Eye allows Wipro to have a â€Å"Going Green† tag, but more importantly it is structured in a way to bring value to the shareholders. This strategic positioning is important as the money spent on the Eco Eye initiatives are viewed as ‘beneficial’ to the shareholders and not a ‘burden’ on them. As per Milton Friedman, if a company spends shareholder money on corporate social responsibility, it is equivalent to a ‘tax’, hence this strategic positioning of generating returns is important for the shareholders. The Eco Eye is a strategic corporate social responsibility initiative (in accordance with Porter and Cramer’s views) that provides mutual benefits to the society and the shareholders. Wipro has also partnered with regional, national and global groups as part of larger sustainability initiatives in energy, water, waste and biodiversity. This has been aimed at bringing about an industry change and alter the rules of engagement in the long run. Some of the key actions undertaken on ecological sustainability include: Reduce carbon footprint by encouraging telephone and video conferences to reduce employee travel emissions, encouraging car pooling. Wipro Eco Energy, a division of Wipro Infrastructure Engineering, offers consulting and implementation services across the spectrum of solar, wind, geothermal and biomass energy sources. †¢ Usage of alternative sources of energy like LED lights, ISO 14001 Certification & Greening of all Buildings based on LEED standards †¢ Redu cing water usage by recycling waste water and harvesting rain water. Wipro Water, a division of Wipro Infrastructure Engineering offers solutions in water treatment space. †¢ In the field of waste management, Wipro has increased the usage of recycled materials and packaging in the design of products which has resulted in significant cost savings. †¢ Conducts regular energy audits. In addition Wipro is a member of the Green Grid, a consortium dedicated to improving the energy efficiency of data centres. Integrated Portfolio of ecological solutions[4] [pic] Stake holders and CSR initiatives[ii] Stock holders: Mr. Azim Premji, Chairman of Wipro is committed to corporate social responsibility. He has established a not-for-profit Azim Premji foundation which aims at introducing a holistic system change in the education system. The ‘Eco Eye’ which is the largest social initiative taken by the company aims at generating new business and providing value to all shareholders. Employees: They are provided with ample opportunities to contribute to society through programs such as ‘Wipro Cares’ and ‘Wipro applying thought in school’ which result in increased motivation. They are also involved in the Eco Eye program to reduce the carbon footprint – car pooling, encouraging video conferencing, E-waste policy. Wipro has also launched Women of Wipro (WoW) with a charter to mentor women leaders, contribute to business growth and to remove disparities in the work-force. Medical benefits and superannuation plans are in place. Career development programs are run to improve the skill set of the employees. In the IT industry, the employees have a sedentary life style. Keeping this in mind, Wipro has initiated a â€Å"Fit for Life† program which aims at improving the physical and mental health of the employees. [iii] Customers: Wipro has set up recycling agencies and processes for recycling E-waste. Customers are provided this service through a single helpline and are actively encouraged to use environment friendly products. This has projected the company as socially responsible and added brand value. Wipro has been environmentally responsible and has launched toxin free â€Å"greenware† desktops. Government: Wipro proactively engages with the government and regulatory bodies to evolve a legal and regulatory framework which addresses the needs of societal stakeholders. Wipro provides feedback to government on vital economic issues. For example, the Offset Policy is aimed at facilitating technology transfer and large defence contracts with MNC’s. In addition Wipro offers advice to the government on educational reforms (in line with its philosophy of introducing a paradigm shift in education) and has also partnered with the government in promoting economic growth in Tier-II and III cities. Wipro is also a signatory to CII’s mission on sustainable growth. Community: The initiatives taken under Eco Eye have an indirect impact on the surrounding communities as the focus is on energy efficiency. Wipro InfoTech has also launched â€Å"Super Genius Bharat PC† in an attempt to bridge the digital divide in India and is targeted specifically at the rural community. Disaster management drives through ‘Wipro Cares’ have benefited victims of natural calamities particularly in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Orissa. Wipro believes in engaging with the people and is averse to ‘plain cheque book philanthropy’. Wipro in association with civic bodies has worked in areas of ecological importance. For instance, it worked with the Bangalore municipality in 2007 to transplant fully grown trees. Academia: Wipro has education programs aimed at the ‘future generations’ as it has an impact on influencing the future work force. These programs have been launched under â€Å"Wipro Cares†, â€Å"Wipro Applying Thought in Schools† and â€Å"Mission10X†. Initiatives have been taken to train teachers. Non Profit Organizations: Relationships have been nurtured with several NGO’s in promoting community welfare particularly in educating the underprivileged children. Wipro has also received accolades for its environment friendly initiatives and was ranked No. in Green peace’s Guide to Greener Electronics. [iv] Suppliers: Wipro has an ombudsprocess available to all their vendors so that they can raise concerns relating to any breach by the employees. Before finalizing any contract with a vendor, Wipro ensures that the vendor has fair labour practices which include payment of statutory wages to employees, ensuring no gender discrimination and no forced or child labour. Wipro has undertaken responsibility not only for its own actions but has also taken steps to ensure that its suppliers do the same. Controversies[v][vi] In June 2007, Wipro along with two other Indian firms was black-listed for four years by the World Bank from receiving direct contracts under its corporate procurement program. This is the first time that the World Bank had taken such a stern action of black-listing firms. As per the bank, this disciplinary action was necessitated because Wipro had allowed the acquaintances of the bank’s CIO to participate in the â€Å"Directed Share Program†. This program offered American Depository Shares of Wipro in the US, at IPO market price. Wipro claimed that this was simply a ‘goodwill gesture’, since the shared offered were too few to cause any conflict of interest. This controversy caused the share prices to fall by 12%. This clearly shows that there exists no such concept of a â€Å"perfect company† and companies are willing to indulge in unethical practices for their business interests. Conclusion Wipro, through its initiatives has created new market opportunities for itself in the domain of environment friendly products. It realizes that in this day and age, consumers have become more environment conscious and hence Wipro has promoted itself with a green tag. They have tried to convey the message that they are a resource efficient company and have built a reputation around it which makes them attractive to investors, consumers, employees and other stakeholders. They are averse to taking up isolated initiatives and have devised a comprehensive and a coherent strategy for the entire organization. Having a socially aware chairman in the form of Mr. Azim Premji has ensured that the corporate social responsibility initiatives are discussed at the highest level and are an integral part of the business strategy. In the Indian context, Wipro has paved the way forward in the realm of corporate citizenship for other companies to emulate. However, the World Bank controversy illustrates that even companies like Wipro need to always set for themselves high ethical benchmarks. They must never deviate from them even while aiming to maximize their long term business interests. Often, many social and environmental issues are effectively handled if a company is willing to partner with its competitors. Wipro being such a major player in the Indian market can usher in an industry change by collaborating with other companies. Wipro’s initiatives are a testimonial to the dawning realization that corporate social responsibility is the future of business. In the words of Jeffery Hollender, â€Å"It’s what companies have to do to survive and prosper in a world where more and more of their behaviour is under the microscope. † Appendix Eco Eye Development framework[5] [pic] ———————– [1] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [2] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. df [3] http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/2008/06/06/stories/2008060651012100. htm [4] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [5] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf ———————– [i] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustaina bility/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [ii] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [iii] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/PressRoom/PR_Fit_for_Life_WC. asp [iv]

The PC of the future Major developments in the hardware and software Essay Example

The PC of the future Major developments in the hardware and software Essay Example The PC of the future Major developments in the hardware and software Essay The PC of the future Major developments in the hardware and software Essay To the present computers only they have left two generations more to be able to continue being at the same time smaller and more powerful, the two generations that calculate that they allow the present technologies of miniaturization of its basic circuits. The perspective of not being able to maintain this tendency does not please anything to the physicists and computer science technicians, reason why, supported by the great companies of the sector, are looking for new approaches completely for the computers of the future. No of these approaches appears simple but all are suggestive, although to risk to imagine one of these computers molecular, quantum or from DNA is still premature. Whatever it buys a computer nowadays knows that it will be obsolete in a pair of years. Now we give by seated the inexorable increase of the power of the computers. But that cannot follow eternally thus, at least, if the computers continue being based on the present technologies. Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel and one of gurus of the technology of the information, anticipate that the existing methods of miniaturization only will offer two generations more of computers before its capacity is exhausted. In 1965, Moore made a prediction that was confirmed with amazing precision in the three following decades: the power of the computers would duplicate every 18 months. This increase has been due mainly to the more and more small size of the electronic components, so that every time a microprocessor or chip can be introduced more of them in. A modern chip of only half square centimeter contains many million tiny electronic components like the transistors. Each one measures less than one micron of diameter, more or less the hundredth part of the thickness of a human hair. These components are done basically of silicon, that the electricity leads, and of silicon dioxide, that is an insulator. In order to record cards of circuit in silicon microprocessors a called technique is used at the moment photolithograph, by means of which a polymer film forms on the layers of silicon or silicon dioxide that takes the scheme of the set of circuits. The pattern of the circuit records itself in the film of polymer exposing it to the light through a mask. Next chemical substances of engraving are applied that corrode the silicon material no protected. Limitation The size of the elements that can be created by means of this procedure is limited by the wavelength of the used light to fix the pattern. At the moment, they can get to only measure one-fifth part of one micron. But to create still more small electronic components up to one tenth part of one micron of diameter the manufacturers of microprocessors they will need to decide on a radiation of a shorter wavelength: the ultraviolet light of smaller length, x-rays or the electron beams of high energy. The great ones of the computers have still not been agreed on what class to choose, but, in any case, the costs of the development of the new technology and the later variation of the production process will be enormous. IBM, Motorola, Lucent Technologies and Lockheed Martin have been forced to collaborate in the development of the x-rays lithography. But the miniaturization is not limited solely by the photolithograph. Although can be devised methods to make transistors and other devices of a still smaller size, will continue working effectively? The law of Moore anticipates that, for year 2002, the smallest element of a silicon transistor, the insulator of the door, it will have a diameter of only 4 or 5 atoms. Will continue providing the necessary isolation this so fine layer? This question has been investigated recently by the physicist David Miller and his companions of Lucent Technologies. They used manufacture technologies outposts to obtain a silicon dioxide film of a thickness of 5 atoms that introduced between two silicon layers. In comparison, the commercial microprocessors have insulators of about 25 atoms of thickness. Miller and its companions discovered that its ultra thin insulating oxide no longer was able to isolate the silicon layers. The investigators calculated that an insulator of an inferior thickness to 4 atoms of wide would have so many losses that would be useless. In fact, due to the limitations to make smooth films, perfectly even insulating with the thickness double they would begin to break it if they made with the present methods. Therefore, the conventional silicon transistors will have reached their minimum operative dimensions in only one decade more or less. Many computer science technologists affirm that, at the moment, the silicon is what there is; but he can that what there is finishes soon. On the other hand, to try to imagine the computer of the future is to risk seeming as absurd as the science fiction of the Fifties. Nevertheless, judging by the present dreams of the technologists, we will be able to do without the plastic boxes and the silicon Chips. Some say that the computers will be looked more like organisms; their cables and switches will be compound of individual organic molecules. Others speak to practice computer science in a water bucket, sprinkled with fibers of DNA, the genetic material of the cells, or enriched with molecules that manipulate data like answer to the vibrations of radio waves. A thing seems safe: so that the computers have power more and more, their components, the basic elements of the logic circuits, will incredibly have to be tiny. If the present tendency to the miniaturization persists, these components will reach the size of individual molecules in less of a pair of decades, since we have seen. The scientists already are examining nanotubes called the carbon molecule use like cables of conventional molecular size that they can be used to connect component of silicon of solid state. The nanotubes of carbon can measure only a few millionth of millimeter, that is to say, few nanometers, that are equivalent to less than one tenth part of the diameter of cables smaller than they are possible to be recorded in the silicon Chips commercial. One is hollow pure carbon tubes, which are extremely strong and have the added attraction of which some of them lead the electricity. The scientists of the Stanford University in California have cultivated from nanotubes gas carbon methane that connect two terminals of electronic components. But the connection of cables is the easy part. Can the molecules process binary information? That is to say, they can combine sequences of bits (and zeros codified like electrical impulses in the present computers) like the doors logics composed of transistors and other devices of the silicon Chips? In a logic operation, some zeros and combinations in the entrance signals generate other combinations in the exit signals. This way, the data are compared, ordered, added, multiplied or manipulated of other forms. Individual molecules have carried out some operations logics, with the bits codified not like electrical impulses, but like impulses of light or other molecular components. For example, a molecule could unload a photon a luminous particle if it received a loaded metal atom and a photon of a different color, but not if it received only one of both. Nevertheless, nobody has a real idea of how connecting these molecules to a trustworthy and complex circuit that serves to calculate, an authentic molecular computer. Some detractors say that molecular computer science never will be viable. Calculations with DNA At the beginning of the Nineties, Leonard Adleman, of the University of California of the South, it proposed a form different to use molecules to calculate, and indicated that the data base of the own cell the DNA it is possible to be used to solve calculation problems. Adleman realized which the DNA basically a chain of four different molecular components or bases that act as a code of four letters of the genetic information is looked remarkably like the universal computer postulated in the Thirties by the mathematical genius Alan Turing, who stores binary information in a tape. Different chains from bases can voluntarily be programmed in synthetic DNA fibers using the techniques of the modern biotechnology; and later these fibers can be generated, be cut and be assembled in enormous amounts. Could be used these methods to convince to the DNA that it calculated like a machine of Turing? Adleman saw that the system of the DNA could be specially apt to solve minimization problems, like for example finding the route shortest to connect several cities. This kind of problems is one of which it more costs to them to solve to the conventional computers, since the number of possible routes increases very quickly as more cities are included. A current computer takes much in examining all those options. But if each possible solution is codified in a DNA fiber, the problem does not seem so terrible, because a simple one even picks of DNA contains many trillions of molecules. So that only it is necessary to separate the DNA fibers that they have codified the best solution. This can be done using biotechnological methods that recognize specific short sequences of the bases of a fiber of ADN. This procedure is not more than a slightly little orthodox form to find a solution: in the first place, to find all the solutions possible and later to use operations logics to choose the correct one. But, as everything happens parallelly all the possible solutions are created and examined to the same time the process it can be very fast. The calculation by DNA has been demonstrated in principle, but it has still not been proven that solves problems that a conventional computer cannot solve. It seems more apt for a quite specific set of problems, like the minimization and the codification that like method of calculation for questions of all type. The quantum world Already in the Sixties, some computer science scientists noticed themselves of where he took the miniaturization to them: towards the quantum kingdom, where the non-logical rules of the quantum mechanics govern the behavior of the matter. As the conventional devices of the circuits become smaller, the quantum effects become a more and more important aspect of their behavior. It could be feasible, were asked, turn this possible complication an advantage? This suggestion gave fruit in the Eighties, when the physicists began to observe kindly how he could operate a computer under the influence of the quantum mechanics. What they discovered was that it could win enormously in speed. The crucial difference between processing information in the quantum world and the classic one is that first he is not black and white. In a classic computer, all the bits of information are or a thing or another one: or a 1 or a 0. But a quantum bit, qubit, can be a mixture of both. The quantum objects can exist in a superposition of states that is classically exclusive, like the famous cat of Schrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½dinger that is not nor alive, nor dead, but in a superposition of the two things. This means that a series of quantum switches objects in defined quantum states good, as atoms in different states from excitation have enough more configurations of qubits than the corresponding classic series of bits. For example, whereas a classic memory of three bits can store only one of the eight possible configurations of and zeros, the corresponding quantum series can store the eight, in a superposition of states. This multiplicity of states gives to the quantum computers enough more power and, therefore, enough more speed, than to its classic companions. But, in fact, to shape these ideas in a physical device supposes an extraordinary challenge. A quantum superposition of states is a thing very delicate, and difficult to maintain, mainly if it is extended by an enormous set of logical elements. Once this superposition begins to interact with its surroundings, it begins to collapse and the environs lose the quantum information. Some investigators think that this problem will return quantum computer science to great scale in which great amounts of data are manipulated in multitude of steps impossibly delicate and difficult to handle. But the problem has been lessen in the last years by the development of algorithms that will allow working to the quantum computers, in spite of the small errors introduced by this type of losses. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOFTWARE Introduction Software Engineering is not a 100% science. All the algorithms are made after the logical, the political and the personal surroundings of the programmer. To talk about the future of software, we have to know a few historical facts. After that, we will have to choose our side of the software wars, between those who defend the open source code policy, and the close source policy. The Software wars Internet would not exist without free software. In the years the 60 Bell labs already yielded the source code of his just invented Operating system UNIX, and from that time last to the last version of the Linux nucleus, the history of software has been based on the exchange of information. The fundamental base of the revolution of the society-network is that interchange that is constructing the movement of the Open Code. A field of the technologies of the information and the communication is free software that surely does not have decrease problems. It is a movement that every time is become greater and than it has had in these last years an extraordinary advance. The statistics usually are eloquent. The last year a 50 percent of the software developers already had thought migrating their developments to Open Code. As powerful applications as the suite of computer science Star Office de Sun or the technology of servant in streaming of Real Networks have served like motor tractor of so many other known applications less than also they are being directed towards the free development of his code. The force of this revolution in computer science and the telecommunications is represented by values and a philosophy unknown until the moment. It is the force of the community and the work in group after resolving tasks and objectives that they acquire of by himself a special value in the developers, which are compensated of a no-pecuniary form that was unsuspected until now at the time in which already the protestant ethics has prevailed anywhere in the world western and the values of the work that takes prepared. Students of the technologies and their implications like M. Castells, R. Stallman, P. Himannen, L. Torvalds and Jesus G. Barahona speak to us constantly of the possibilities that open homo digitalis to him to the future reach more knowledge in thanks to the adoption of agreed policies with the founders of this movement based on sharing the code and the knowledge by the mutual good. The movement represented by the Free Software Foundation is something that goes beyond the mere election of policies of development of new Technologies of the Information and the Communication. When bet by the development in opened code, the adoption of standards and the support to free operating systems, is being affected the knowledge of the members of the digital society and not in the mere support to the consumption of computer science by the fact that it is acceded to his use, immediately. In a digital society the use is so important as the knowledge of the tools and the development of these since he is this indeed what gives to be able to the citizens and the organizations. With the adoption of computer science policies based on free software knowledge of networks and code also occurs to the users, with which they can take a fundamental paper from nonpassive actors in the digital revolution. But everything what represents east movement is not compatible with the policies of the great company that nowadays exerts the worldwide control of computer science (Microsoft). The company of the State of Washington is being with most of the souls of the users worldwide population of the Network and the tools of office software and operating systems of workstations. He is this something undeniable, like also it must be for the administrations the systems by which these companies are going to remove data from the users to create profiles and data bases that to knowing where they will finish someday. Being the one of Redmond (Microsoft) a company of a nation that prohibits the safe encriptation to 1024 bits for its subjects, how we are going to have the users of the planet confidence in the security policies that apparently are going to us to sell. And that is thus, although until the own Department of Defense of the U.S.A. trusts in the Open Source and its systems of encriptation, an d it uses itself them. On the contrary, the one that already has proven version XP of Microsoft well knows what is the control via network of the data of the user and its number MAC of computer. And before it, little people have left to fight against those policies. The networks of laboratories of hackers and other groupings of people who affect the education of the free software tools which they are based on the knowledge necessary to maintain servants, to publish without censorship, to develop programs, to give courses of computer science, etc. are an alternative that already is giving its fruits. Gurus of the digital era has full name that goes united to these movements in some stage of their life. The father of all this form to think is Richard Stallman and the most well known image is the one of Linux Torvalds, who not long ago occurred the prize him to the best European industrialist. Linux and Richard are the pieces key in all this revolution based on the freedom, the work in-group via network and the pure satisfaction by the made work. The competition which they can exert certain companies of little is going to be worth before this movement which it is essential for the technologies based on the side of the servant, and will have to ente r itself in him, since it has made IBM and Sun to begin to include/understand his potential and to remove benefit from it. To put a simile, we imagine that the community of doctors and medicine investigators worldwide worked in network sharing their knowledge at any moment of the day and received as it compensates the solution at the moment to all the problems that appeared to them. With this system many of the present diseases would be already for a long time eradicated. In addition, in this example, the professionals with great tied pays to policies of maximum secret in the laboratories of investigation little would have to say before the greater force than she acquires the movement developed by the Network and that the knowledge has its base in sharing. Those that the difference between languages and free development systems like PHP know about, ZOPE, Perl, etc know well until where it is possible to be arrived with the free code. However, those that only know proprietary and clo sed technologies hardly will be able to get to watch the future, since they go to a technological slavery. Conclusion Computer science is a complex science but of which people create. Much people do not know that it is a science with two branches different one from the other, but employees. The architecture of the computer and software to be able to use it are very important. But all their possible uses are so many, that specialists are needed, like in the medicine, of each one of their parts. There per 1947, when the transistor was invented, and when Jaquard (1804) designed a loom that performed predefined tasks through feeding punched cards into a reading contraption; nobody imagined how quickly that it would take to get the nowadays supercomputers.

The Best SAT Diagnostic Test

The Best SAT Diagnostic Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re preparing for the SAT, you may know how important it is to take a diagnostic test early on in your studying.An SAT diagnostic test will give you a baseline score you can use to develop an individualized study plan that’ll target your weaknesses and help you reach your target SAT score. In this guide, we’ll explain what an SAT diagnostic test is, where you can find the best free SAT diagnostic tests, and exactly how you can use every piece of information you get from the diagnostic test to create the best SAT study plan for you. What Is an SAT Diagnostic Test? How Can It Help You? An SAT diagnostic test is a practice test that you take at the beginning of your SAT prep to determine what your strengths and weaknesses are and how much you need to improve. Your diagnostic results give you an estimate of how well you’re currently scoring on the SAT and which parts of the test you’re struggling with.Without an SAT diagnostic test, it’s much harder to study effectively for the SAT because you don’t know how much progress you need to make or in which areas. Before you take a diagnostic SAT, you should know your goal score. A goal score is the score you're aiming for on the SAT, and it's based on the average SAT scores of admitted students for the colleges you're interested in attending. Check out our guide to learn how to set your own goal score. Where Can You Find the Best SAT Diagnostic Tests? The best SAT practice tests are always official tests, and this is also true for SAT diagnostic tests.Official practice SATs are made by the same people who create the actual SAT. This means that, if you take an official practice test for your SAT diagnostic, you can be sure you’re getting an accurate idea of the real SAT's content and difficulty, as well as how the questions are worded and how they can trick you. We have links to every free and official SAT available online. Use one of these for your free SAT diagnostic test.You can also take an official SAT practice test on Khan Academy which will automatically score your results for you. However, we don't recommend taking your SAT diagnostic test online since you'll be taking the real SAT with pencil and paper. Are there shorter options for a diagnostic test?We highly recommend taking a full-length SAT as your diagnostic test to give you the most accurate results, but if you really can’t find the time to do this, Khan Academy does offer short diagnostic quizzes for the SAT on its website. There are four quizzes for SAT Math and four for SAT Reading. Each quiz is ten questions long. You won’t be able to translate these results into an estimated score for the SAT since the format is so different, but they can be used to help you figure out which areas you need to improve the most in. How Should You Take Your SAT Diagnostic Test? When you take your SAT diagnostic, it’s very important to mimic real testing conditions as closely as possible so that you can get the most accurate score from your diagnostic. If you give yourself more breaks or time than you’d get on the real test, your diagnostic test results won’t be as useful because the extra time could cause you to get a higher score than you would on the real SAT. Here are the main rules you should follow when taking your diagnostic: Take the test with pencil and paper Take the test all in one sitting Keep strict timing for each section (don’t give yourself even one minute extra to complete a section!) Use only the breaks you’d get on the official exam (5 minutes after the Reading section, 5 minutes after the Math No Calculator section, and 5 minutes before the Essay if you’re taking it) Minimize distractions (no music, tv, people talking in the room, etc.) For a more in-depth look at the best way to take SAT practice tests, check out our guide specifically on the topic. How Should You Analyze Your SAT Diagnostic Results? Once you’ve taken your SAT diagnostic test, your work isn’t over! The reason you took the diagnostic was to get useful information from it, so these next two sections will explain how you should analyze your test results. In this section are four big picture questions you should ask yourself to see how much you need to study and what major areas your study plan should focus on. Grade your diagnostic test (all official practice tests include instructions on how to do this), then think about the following questions. How Far Are You From Your Goal Score? This is the key question. How far are your diagnostic test results from your SAT goal score? If you’re close to your target score, great! You may not have to do much studying beyond some quick review and taking a few more practice tests. If you’re farther from your SAT goal score, you’ll probably have to put some more time in, but that’s why you took the diagnostic test, to figure this out early so you have plenty of time to develop an SAT study plan. Keep reading for tips on how to figure out exactly where you can improve and what you can do to raise your score. Which Sections Did You Struggle the Most With? Now, look at each of your section scores. How do they compare to one another? Is your Reading score pretty good but your Math score far from where you want it to be? Then you know to focus more of your study time on math. Students often divide their study time equally between each of the SAT sections or read entire prep books all the way through to make sure they’re learning everything they can. However, if your section scores vary widely, this isn’t the most efficient use of your time. You want to concentrate more on the section(s) where you need to make the biggest improvement. That’s the way to raise your score a significant amount. Which Question Types Did You Struggle the Most With? Now go one step further. If you’re unhappy with your Math score, look more closely at which types of questions you answered incorrectly. Did you ace the algebra questions but struggle with geometry? Did the grid-in questions throw you for a loop? The more detailed your analysis is, the more it’ll help you develop a study plan that effectively targets your weaknesses and helps you raise your score.To help you with this, here are guides that explain every type of question you’ll see on SAT Math, Reading, and Writing. They’ll help you categorize the questions and figure out which ones you’re missing. Did You Run Out of Time on the Exam? Finally, did you struggle with the time limits on the SAT? Did you run out of time on any of the sections? Do you feel like you could have gotten a higher score if you’d had more time?The SAT expects you to answer a lot of questions in a short amount of time, and many students struggle with completing the test within the time limits. If you feel you knew most of the information being tested but simply didn’t have the time to answer all the questions completely, working on your timing skills will be key to improving your score. We explain how to do this in the next section. What Is the Best Way to Go Over Questions You Got Wrong? After you looked at the overall patterns in your diagnostic score results, it’s time for a more detailed analysis. To do this, you should go through every question you answered incorrectly and figure out why you got it wrong. This may seem time-consuming and boring, but don’t be tempted to skip it! Going over the answers you got wrong is the absolute best way to understand where you’re making mistakes and what you can do to correct them. Otherwise you’ll just keep repeating those same mistakes and not make improvements. For each question you answered incorrectly on your diagnostic, think about why you got it wrong. There are generally four reasons people make mistakes on exams: Time Issue: You were pressed for time. Question Comprehension Issue: You had the knowledge to get the right answer, but the question was too complicated, you weren’t exactly sure what was being asked, or you were tricked by the question. Procedural/Content Issue: You didn’t know how to solve a question, or you didn’t have the background knowledge needed to answer the question. Careless Error: Often the most frustrating mistake, this is when you knew exactly how to get the right answer, but you made a silly mistake that caused you to choose the wrong answer. We give detailed explanations for how to overcome each of these issues in our guide to going over SAT questions you missed, but below are key solutions for each of the four issues. Time Issues To figure out if you have time management issues, take a timed practice test (under realistic conditions). If you run out of time to answer all of the questions, continue answering questions, but mark the questions for which you needed the extra time. How many questions did you get right with the extra time, compared to the number of questions you answered correctly within the official time limits? If your scaled scores differ by more than either 50 points on any section of the SAT, then you have a time management problem. We have guides specifically on how to stop running out of time on SAT Math andSAT Reading, but below are a few key tips for helping you manage your time on the SAT better. Know how long you have for each question:Having an idea of how long to spend on each question will help you plan out your time better and make it easier to stay on track. Move on if you're stuck on a question:If you’ve stared at a question for 60 seconds and have no idea how to solve it, skip it and move on. Practice, practice, practice:There’s a reason we keep encouraging you to take practice tests; they’re one of the best ways to get faster on the SAT.When you take practice SATs, you become more familiar with the exam and get a better idea of how long you can spend on each question, both of which help with your time management skills. Question Comprehension Issue This issue is especially common with people who read questions quickly in hopes of saving time. Even though you’ll be pressed for time on the SAT, spending an extra few seconds to figure out exactly what a question is asking you is well worth your time. Many students underline key parts of a question to make sure they’re not missing any important information when they read it. It may also help you to write out the info a question gives you in a simpler form to help you understand it. This can be especially helpful with math questions that dump a lot of info on you in the question. Procedural/Comprehension Issue Both of these issues can be solved by building up your knowledge of what the SAT tests and how it tests it.For procedural problems, the best way to improve is to answer lot of practice questions so you become familiar with what SAT questions look like and the ways they ask information. Prep books can also give you insight into how to solve questions. For comprehension issues, you can brush up on the content the SAT tests by using class notes, textbooks on the material, an SAT prep book or a complete prep program like PrepScholar. Careless Error The best way to overcome careless errors is to stop and think about why you’re making them. Were you pressed for time? Then improving your time management skills will help.Did you get tripped up by one of the SAT’s common tricks, like only solving for x when you were supposed to give the answer for 3x? Then taking more practice tests will help you identify these tricks more easily.Leaving yourself a few minutes at the end of each section to go over your answers can also help you avoid careless mistakes. How Can You Create the Best SAT Study Plan for You? Once you’ve taken your SAT diagnostic test and gone over your results, you can use that information to develop an SAT study plan completely tailored to you. Below are the five steps to follow to create a study plan that’ll help you build up your weaknesses and reach your target score. #1: Figure Out How Much Time You Need to Study Your first step for your study plan is to figure out how many hours you need to devote to studying. This is based on how much you want to improve from your diagnostic score results. Here are our estimates for the total number of hours you'll need to prep based on the SAT score improvement you want: 0-30 point improvement: 10 hours 30-70 point improvement: 20 hours 70-130 point improvement: 40 hours 130-200 point improvement: 80 hours 200-330 point improvement: 150 hours+ Once you know the number of hours you plan on studying, you can decide how many hours you want to study a week and work backwards to figure out how many weeks/months you’ll need to prepare and when you should take the SAT. For example, if you’re hoping to improve your score by 150 points, you’ll need to spend about 80 hours studying. If you can manage ten hours of SAT prep a week, it’ll take you about ten weeks, or 2.5 months to be fully prepared. #2: Get High-Quality Prep Materials You can create the perfect study plan, but if you’re using low-quality materials, it’ll be hard for you to make real improvements.We’ve already mentioned the importance of using official practice tests when you study. Unofficial practice tests can sometimes vary greatly from the real SAT, which means you’ll be taking tests that don’t help or, worse, prepare you for the wrong material. Always use official practice tests when you can. A prep book can also be one of the most useful tools for your SAT studying. They can be especially helpful at explaining difficult concepts and breaking down how to solve different types of SAT problems.Check out our guide to the best SAT prep books to learn which are the best prep books out there. #3: Drill Your Content Weaknesses As we mentioned above, it’s important to identify your weak areas and prioritize strengthening them. Once you know which subjects or question types you want to improve in, there are several ways to go about doing this: Reviewing content, either in a prep book or school notes Answer practice questions Asking for help if needed. If you’ve read through all your relevant notes on a subject, you may want to try asking a classmate who’s also taking the SAT for help or look into getting a tutor. #4: Take Regular Practice Tests Your SAT diagnostic test isn’t the only practice test you should take before exam day. Regular practice tests will help you track your progress and get more familiar with the exam.We recommend taking three to six full-length practice SATs.There are currently eight official practice SATs available for free, so definitely make good use of them. #5: Analyze Your Progress During your preparation for the SAT, you should regularly step back and analyze how things are going. Are you making the progress you’re wanting? If not, what do you think you should change about your study plan? Are you able to get in the number of study hours you want to? Where are you still struggling? How can you fix that issue? This is a really important step to follow because if something’s not working, you’re not going to see the improvements you want, no matter how often you keep doing it. If you’re stuck you might consider looking at tutors or reading our list of the 23 best tips for the SAT to get some new study ideas. What's Next? Want to get a perfect SAT score?Take a look atour famous guide to a 1600,written by an expert 2400 SAT scorer. Looking for practice tests?We have links to every free and official SAT practice exam available. Aiming high on each SAT section? Then read our individual, in-depth strategy guides to help you reach an800 on SAT Reading, SAT Math, and SAT Writing. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Increased Labor Demand and the Equilibrium Wage Essay

Increased Labor Demand and the Equilibrium Wage - Essay Example For example, in the given scenario, that the September 11th attacks on the United States altered the perceived need for a particular type of labor, to wit, security personnel, the relevant market shift is an increase in demand. Once the demand has increased, supply and demand are no longer balanced, and the market equilibrium is disrupted. To reset this balance, wage and the value of marginal production must also increase to the point where stability is again achieved. Simply put, and assuming that supply remains unchanged, the greater the demand for a particular type of labor, the greater the marginal value of a particular worker's product, and, thus, the greater must that worker's wage be to achieve market equilibrium. It is logical that the September 11th attacks created a greater demand for security personnel. Society became much more concerned with creating safe environments at locales such as airports, in airplanes, at events where large amounts of people congregate, and at globally-recognized structures.