Unconformity Types and Examples

Comparison On Various Clustering Algorithms - 1937 Words

Comparison on various Clustering Algorithms Thejas S M.tech , Information Technology dept. of computer science and engineering National Institute of Engineering Mysuru, India thejas.055@gmail.com Pradyoth Hegde M.tech , Information Technology dept. of computer science and engineering National Institute of Engineering Mysuru, India pradyothhegde@gmail.com Abstract—The main aim is to provide a comparison of different clustering algorithm techniques in data mining. Clustering techniques is broadly used in many applications such as pattern recognition, market research, image processing and data analysis. Cluster Analysis is an excellent data mining tool for a large and multivariate database. A cluster of data objects can be treated as one group. In clustering analysis our object is first partition the set of data into similar data groups and then assigns labels to those groups. Clustering is a suitable example of unsupervised classification. Keywords—Data Mining; Clustering algorithms; Techniques; (Partition, Density Based, Hierarchical, Grid Based etc ) I. INTRODUCTION Data mining techniques are basically categorised into two major groups as Supervised learning and Unsupervised learning. Clustering is a process of grouping the similar data sets into groups. These groups should have two properties like dissimilarity between the groups and similarity within the group. Clustering is covered in the unsupervised learning category. There are no predefined class labelShow MoreRelatedData Mining Method Of Extracting The Data From Large Database1681 Words   |  7 Pagesmining is the method of extracting the data from large database. Various data mining techniques are clustering, classification, association analysis, regression, summarization, time series analysis and sequence analysis, etc. Clustering is one of the important tasks in mining and is said to be unsupervised classification. Clustering is the techniques which is used to group similar objects or processes. In this work four clustering algorithms (K-Means, Farthest first, EM, Hierarchal) have be en analyzedRead MoreNetworking Analysis : An Analysis Of Pre-Clustering902 Words   |  4 Pagesefficient incremental Pre-clustering technique for naà ¯ve hierarchical agglomerative single linkage (nearest neighbor) clustering when a threshold criterion is imposed on cluster merging. If this Pre-clustering algorithm is applied to a dataset before subjecting it to the naà ¯ve Hierarchical single linkage clustering algorithm, then the overall convergence time of the single linkage algorithm reduces to a much lower value. To decrease the time complexity of the proposed algorithm an efficient parallelizationRead MoreEnergy Efficient Cluster Formation Techniques1717 Words   |  7 Pagessensor network (WSN), many novel architectures, protocols, algorithms and applications have been proposed and implemented for energy efficiency. The efficiency of these networks is highly dependent on routing protocols which directly affecting the network life-time. Cluster formation in sensor netwo rk is one of the most popular technique for reducing the energy consumption and expand the lifetime of the sensor network. There are various cluster formation techniques used in wireless sensor networkRead MoreEssay On The Growth Of The Internet1378 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease is correlated with the arrival of modern technology in various sectors such as healthcare, banking and finance, engineering, and energy. There is a noticeable surge in volume of information being shared on platforms such as Google, Twitter and Stack Overflow. Given the tremendous amount of data, it is essential to draw meaningful results from this dataset. The aim of this project is to implement an unsupervised clustering algorithm on a Stack Overflow dataset to investigate ways the communityRead MoreThe Clustering Is A Data Mining Technique1173 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: The Clustering is a data mining technique used to place data elements into related groups without advance knowledge of the group description, which is a division of data into groups of similar objects. The data representing by fewer clusters necessarily loses certain fine details, but achieves generalization. It models data by its clusters. The data modeling puts clustering in a historical perspective rooted in statistics, numerical analysis and mathematics. In this paper represents theRead MoreDetection Of Brain Tumor Detection Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctioning. Detection of brain tumor is a difficult task, as there are various techniques involved in it. The active imaging resource used for brain tumor detection is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It is necessary to use technique which can give the accurate location and size of the tumor. There are various algorithms proposed for brain tumor detection, this paper presents a survey on the various brain tumor detection algor ithms. It gives the existing techniques and what are the advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreQuestions On Deep Learning Technique Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesat its most basic is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it, and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. So rather than hand-coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a particular task, the machine is â€Å"trained† using large amounts of data and algorithms that give it the ability to learn how to perform the task [12]. Deep learning is another Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. Deep learning is essentially a set of techniquesRead MoreHierarchical Document Clustering Based On Cosine Similarity Measure783 Words   |  4 PagesHierarchical Document Clustering based on Cosine Similarity measure Ms. Shraddha K.Popat* Ms. Vishakha A. Metre Asst.Professor, Asst.Professor, Department of computer Engineering, Department of computer Engineering, D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India shraddhakp21@gmail.com vishakha.metre@gmail.com Abstract- Clustering is one of the prime topics in data mining. Clustering partitions the data and classifies the data intoRead MoreMeasuring The Quality Of Clusters902 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Comparison For measuring the quality of clusters four criteria have been used. The first three criteria are designed so as to measure the quality of cluster sets at different levels of granularity. Ideally it’s needed to generate partitions that have compact, well separated clusters. Hence, the criteria used presently combine the two measures to return a value that indicates the quality of the partition thus the value returned is minimized when the partition is judged to consist of compactRead MoreThe Wide Internet Of The Internet Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pageson the clustering technique which is applied on the documents to generate the hierarchy of clusters and make the indexing more efficient in time and space saving manner. Drawbacks in the existing approaches ï‚ § The search space given by the set of all the permutations of n documents is exponential in n, and n is huge in the real case, finding an optimal assignment of doc_ids is an intractable problem for a real collection of document ï‚ § The reordering algorithm is not effective in clustering the most

Jane Cazneau free essay sample

Hudson posits a Native American grandmother, although there is no solid evidence of this. Her first marriage apparently dissolved, but there is no divorce record. She may or may not have had an affair with Aaron Burr, an early mentor. Hudsons most significant claim is that Jane Storm is the journalist who coined the phrase manifest destiny (pp. 60-62). Hudson argues that later historians have simply assumed that John OSullivan wrote the Democratic Reviews many unsigned editorials. But Hudsons computer analysis (Appendix B) of OSullivans and Storms signed works shows that the grammatical errors in the famous editorial that first contained the phrase exhibit a much closer correlation with those commonly made by Storm than with those made by OSullivan. What is certain is that she migrated to pre-revolutionary Texas and speculated in land grants and immigration schemes. Writing under the pen name Montgomery (later, Cora Montgomery), Storm became a regular correspondent of Moses Y. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Cazneau or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beachs New York Sun. When war broke out, Storm accompanied Beach and his daughter on a covert peace mission to Mexico in late 1846. The Beach mission has long been clouded with uncertainty about its purposes and accomplishments, and so Storms role in it is similarly in doubt. Nonetheless, she was clearly an important element, as neither of the Beaches knew Spanish and President James K. Polk had a private interview with her after her return. After the war, Storm continued to favor U. S. xpansion into Latin America and the Caribbean, especially through annexation. Although Hudson maintains that Storm was not a strong proponent of All Mexico during the U. S. -Mexican War, some have credited her with leading the movement. She had contact with Cuban, Mexican, and Nicaraguan filibustering groups. She married diplomat Williams L. Cazneau in 1849 after a long acquaintance but still worked as a journalist for numerous publications, wrote about her travels, and remained active in Democratic P arty politics. She secured a diplomatic mission to the Dominican Republic for her husband and worked with him to gain U. S. access to Samana Bay. Jane Storm Cazneau died in a shipwreck during a storm at sea in 1878. Many questions about her activities and the extent of her influence remain unanswered. Barring the emergence of new documentary collections, Hudsons biography is the most complete picture of her life we are likely to have. As such it is a useful addition to the literature on nineteenth-century U. S. expansionism.

Persuasive Speech free essay sample

Think about it, if you got the clean version of a song on tunes, there would be basically no words in it. Take, for example, a song that already has a bad word In the title: Real Roll Call by Ill John. Here Is the censored chorus: Hall four times. Then he says that and that repeats cant wit my and that repeats four times (Ill John). Rap music promotes bad language. People drop F-bombs and all the other bombs way too much. It is very unprofessional. If you think about it, swear words dont make any sense. Why would you ever want to call someone a piece of poop or a son of a female dog? It makes no sense!What has this world come to? Swearing used to be l bite my thumb at thee and now swearing is about a hundred curse words with an occasional raised middle finger. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly, rap music promotes bad habits and has bad Influences. According to New York Times, on average, American teens listen to music for two and half hours In a day and sixty percent listen to rap music. Seven out of nine rap songs have a reference to drugs and/or alcohol. In fact, a teen that listens to pop music is exposed o only five references a day, while a teen that listens to rap music Is exposed to 251 references a day (Parker-pope).Here Is an excerpt from a song called Against Luvs, which already teaches bad grammar because love is spelled L-U-V: She make you do what I do when we doing what we doing in the back of the Lace (Snoop Dog). What do you think Snoop Dog is doing in the back of the Cadillac, playing cards? No. Ill tell you exactly what theyre doing, Ill even spell It out for you: S-I-N. Sin, as In an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law, as in sex outside of reggae, underage drinking, and drug abuse. Those 251 or so references dont even include the social media.Take, for example, a rapper named Wiz Kalmia. Go on his Instating or Twitter. Literally one out of four of his posts are about him getting high, unless he lives in Colorado or Washington, that is illegal For example, on February 15, 2013, he tweeted, Nice day to get stoned on the balcony (Kalmia). Also, on February 18, 2013, he tweeted, l Jus smoked a bong for breakfast (Kalmia). What a great role model, right? Do you want someone with a poor work ethic to Influence oh? All rappers do Is sit around and smoke weed and occasionally write a song which has no meaning to it, and get millions of dollars for it. Rap songs are basically 1 OFF Ben Rector, they have no money, so they have to work extremely hard because they cant afford nice recording studios and sound editors. You know they are good artists because that is their real voice and not some fake, auto-tuned editing. Lastly, rap music sends a bad message. What do you think of when a driver rolls by, windows down, with blaring rap music? Personally, I think, Man! I wish I was as cool as that id! I mean really, it looks very unprofessional and it automatically sends a negative connotation towards said driver.Just a couple of weeks ago, I was walking down to the track for practice and I saw a kid with his hand out the window, with a cigarette in it, music screaming out of his car. I thought, Hes going nowhere in life. Have fun working at McDonalds for the rest of your life! Now, Im not Judging people that smoke and saying that none of them are successful in life, Im Just saying that because he is starting out at such a young age, then he will probably get addicted ND never stop and smoking will take over his life. Rap music doesnt Just send a bad message to me, but it also sends a bad message to people looking at America from other countries. People look at us from other countries and when they look on us Americans, they only look at celebrities. Celebrities portray the image of America, and theyre not doing such a great Job. Foreigners look upon us and listen to our music and are utterly disgusted. A quote from Whitney Houston, l believe that children are our future. Teach them well and let them lead the way. Show them all he beauty they possess inside (Houston). We are the future of America. It is in our hands. If we fill them with rap and all the crap that comes with it, we will fail. The future of America will slowly fade. We need to live life to the fullest and not be influenced by the message rappers are sending us. Like Houston said, we all possess beauty inside that will change the future of America. Listen to the wise words of Kid President, What will you create that will make the world more awesome. .. Nothing if youre Just sitting there (Kid President). Works Cited Forman. Because I Got High. Because I Got High-single. Persuasive Speech free essay sample Introducing sex education in middle school is very important as many cases of teenage pregnancy have been reported in the past few years† Final Persuasive Speech April 21, 2013 I am writing to persuade you of how it is important to talk to our young children in middle school about sex and teen pregnancy. Sex education is one of the most controversial issues in education. This has been hovering over educational institutions since ages. It is probably the most debated topic that will always have a divided opinion. Some people will always agree and some will always disagree. Try though everyone may, it is almost impossible to shrug off the responsibility of informing students about its importance. Problems like teen pregnancy and STDs rise due to unsafe sex, and one of the best ways to avoid it, is by educating the students about it. Statistics show that more than 50% of American teenagers lose their virginity by the age of 17. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also shows that sex education in schools is well accepted by only 7% of American parents. The other 93% still consider it a taboo to talk about sex to their children, and resort to making up the ever popular stories of birds and bees. But do they stop for a moment and think that it is not the presence of sex education in schools, but its absence that has made the rate of teen pregnancy go up to such a high level? Given below are some more arguments for sex education. Stress on Abstinence is one of the most schools that do provide sex education, have an abstinence is the best solution approach to it. They stress on abstinence as the perfect way to be totally free from any problems whatsoever, related to sex and sexuality. Which actually makes a lot of sense. We all believe that prevention is better than cure, so why not just wait for the right age to engage in sexual activity. The two most important things that you need to be sexually active, namely the mind and the body, are not fully matured when kids are in school. It puts them in grave danger, physically and psychologically. Hence stressing the importance of restraint and abstinence through sex education is a great advantage. I feel like birth control is a another good source to know when being sexual active. Schools that dont use the abstinence approach, prefer to go the safe sex way. They have accepted the fact that the sexual activities of teenagers and even pre-teens cannot be controlled by a mere class taken in school. They know that the students have other resources thanks to the various forms and forums of information that are available today. So the schools would rather give them tips on how to engage in safe sex, by using appropriate birth control measures if they are sexually active, than preaching abstinence. They train them on using different methods of birth control, and also the dangers of teenage pregnancy. Knowing about the different STD’s that are out here very important. It is only through education in schools, that students will get proper and honest information about sexually transmitted diseases. The grave dangers that these diseases pose to them, the physical and mental torture that they may have to go through if they fall prey to an STD, not to mention the social stigma associated with them, are well explained. This instills in the students a sense of responsibility that creeps out of fear for their health and life. As a result they behave more responsibly. It is often seen that sex education is not taken seriously. Students tend to look at it as a subject of ridicule, and either dont attend the classes, or if made compulsory, either engage in snickering and giggling, throughout. They seem to be aware of much more than the person whos teaching them about it, thanks to numerous movies, sitcoms, and other media, propagating sex as a style statement. The sensationalizing of sex in school has reached such a level that teens will engage in sex, just to prove how cool and popular they can be. Theres little that sex education can do for them. And its not just the students, but the faculty too. If they really want to take education about sex to a whole new level of understanding and importance, then they should have more than the customary classes that they do, and hire people who are trained and well informed to teach the students about it. Many groups of people believe that when it comes to sex education, the cons outweigh the pros, for one very simple reason. They believe, beyond a doubt, that their children should not be exposed to something as crude as sex, in their school days because their religion does not permit it. It goes against their religious beliefs and sentiments, and they do not accept it, on principle. It becomes very difficult to argue with people when they bring religion to the forefront. And so, many schools prefer to leave this sensitive issue untouched. As opposed to abstinence only education, when schools propagate safe sex, they run the risk of having their information misinterpreted by the students. We will all agree that we can listen to hours and hours of lecturing about any topic, but finally do exactly what we want. Unfortunately, it is the same with sex education. Students may listen to the lecturers going on and on about safe sex, but in the end, engage in unsafe sex. They will justify saying that they learned about it in school, and that if teachers did not want them to engage in sexual activities, they never should have brought up the topic in the first place. Curiosity can make them take foolish steps which they will undoubtedly regret later. Most of us limit the scope of sex education by taking it at its face value. It is not just about sex. It involves other delicate issues like sexual health, sexual reproduction, sexuality and others that parents often feel awkward to talk about with their children. Hence, it becomes the responsibility and the duty of schools to take up this topic, and inform and educate the students about it as much as they can. However, this is almost never taken in the right spirit by parents and students themselves. They begin deliberation on the pros and cons of sex education in schools, and form an attitude towards it based on what they think is right. I believe that if parents would take the time out and put the importance into their children and what they are being taught. We could help prevent teen pregnancy and help our children practice safe sex. A lot of parents don’t take the time out to teach on sex education. And this can lead our children to want to find out the cause and the effects on their own. The results could end up having our young girls being pregnant at a young age and STD’s for our young youth. So let’s make it a priority to make sure that our children learn about sex and teen pregnancy at a younger age. I feel like if we talk about sex to our children when they get into middle school is a good age group. Our kids will start experience puberty at this age and there are so many young girls being pregnant in middle school these days. Reference Copyright (2013) â€Å"Should Comprehensive Sex be Taught in Middle School? † Retrieved: April 21, 2013; From: http://www. debate. org/opinions/should-comprehensive-sex-education-be-taught-i Persuasive Speech free essay sample Mr. Byrne Persuasive Speech Imagine that you trained all your life for that special moment of playing in your first NHL game. At the beginning of your first shift in the game suddenly another player’s stick comes up and strikes you in the eye. This incident ends your career. This could have been prevented if you wore a visor. I think visors should be mandatory in the NHL in order to improve a player’s safety. Statistics have proven players who wear visors in the NHL play less aggressive. There are many incidents involving sticks and pucks going into player’s faces. A recent incident occurred between Philadelphia’s Chris Pronger and Toronto’s Mikhail Grabovski. Furthermore, two years ago a former NHL player Brad May, Gave a speech supporting the use of visors. Visors have been proven to improve a player’s play and helped players become less aggressive. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the 2010-2011 to the 2011-2012 there has been a 10% increase in the amount of players wearing a visor. Players in the NHL are starting to realize how important visors are. Rutgers University did a survey to find out if players played less aggressive when wearing a visor. This survey was conducted after the 2000-2001 season and the University’s theory was correct. According to the study done the average amount of penalty minutes that a player wearing a visor had were 30 penalty minutes while players not wearing a visor had 50 penalty minutes. Wearing visors help prevent horrible face injuries. On October 24th, 2011 the Toronto Maple Leafs were playing the Philadelphia Flyers in a regular season game. Toronto’s Mikhail Grabovski and Philadelphia’s Chris Pronger were involved in a frightening incident. During the first period, Mikhail Grabovski was waiting for his teammate to pass him the puck, He took a shot on net, but the goaltender stopped it. What Mikhail didn’t realize is that on his follow through he nailed Chris Pronger on the corner of his eye. Chris Pronger skated off the ice screaming in pain. Bob Mackenzie, a broadcaster from TSN said that Chris Pronger would of have been free of injury if he had worn wore a visor. Players themselves are speaking ut in support of visors being mandatory. In 2009, Brad May, a former NHL player of the Detroit Red Wings gave a speech in favor of players wearing visors. Persuasive speech free essay sample Intro: Today I’d like you to open your mind to the idea of buying organic food, by giving you information on what â€Å"organic† really means, how organic food is more nutritious for you and why it is a safer option, opposed to eating food that is contaminated with harsh chemical and pesticides . Main point 1: What does â€Å"Organic† mean? Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony By Definition of â€Å"USDA National Organic Standards Board (NOSB)† What is the difference? Why pay more? Organic Farmers Apply natural fertilizers like manure and compost to feed soil and plants. Use beneficial insects and birds, and traps to reduce pest and disease. Rotate crops, till, hand weed or mulch to manage weeds Give animals % organic feed, allow them to roam outdoors Take preventive measure, like rational grazing, balanced diet and clean housing for the animals – to help minimize disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because farmers take these steps to ensure quality food, it increases the price. Conventional farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth Spray pesticides to reduces pests and disease Use chemical herbicides to manage weeds Give animals antibiotics, growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and spur growth. When driving down the road, which picture would you rather see next to your window? In summary organic produce and other foods are grown without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, genetically modified  organisms, or ionizing radiation. Animals that produce meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products do not take antibiotics or growth hormones. Main point 2: Nutrients in organic food A two-year study led by John Reganold of Washington State University that provided side-by-side comparisons of organic and conventional strawberry farms has shown organic farms produced more flavorful and nutritious berries while promoting healthier and more genetically diverse soils. Published Sept. 1, 2010 Findings in the paper showed organic strawberries had significantly higher antioxidant activity and concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, longer shelf life In addition, the organic soils excelled in the areas of carbon sequestration, nitrogen, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and micronutrients. The â€Å"Natural† hoax Natural Vs. Organic Organic foods are ALWAYS third-party certified to comply with strict, far-ranging USDA organic regulations. â€Å"Natural† foods are NOT. Don’t be fooled by the â€Å"natural† label. If your personal health, the environment, and a more sustainable future for everyone are important to you, look for the organic seal. Main point 3 A safer option for YOU Organic food also doesnt contain any artificial sweeteners, contaminates or preservatives that cause health problems. Organic food has been grown in harmony with nature SAY NO TO GMO! GMO- genetically modified organisms are prohibited in organic food. Genetically engineered crops are a relatively recent technology with potentially devastating impacts on ecosystems and human and animal health. Organic regulations forbid the use of genetically engineered seeds or animals (including clones). (organicvalley.com) Not only are conventional farmers using harsh pesticides and hormones to enhance attributes such as size, color and resistance to bugs/ insects, but they are changing the genes! If famers wear protective suits just to grow our food, should we take those same precautions when handling or eating our food? Summary Today I have lightly touched on what organic food is, how it is more nutritious and why it is a safer option.. In summary I hope that this information urges you to buy organic food and spend the extra pennies on your self, and your well being. Call to action : What to do from here Be aware of what you are putting into your body, your food may not be what you believe it to be. Visit â€Å"Thedailygreen.com† The Dirty Dozen †¢celery †¢peaches †¢strawberries †¢apples †¢domestic blueberries †¢nectarines †¢sweet bell peppers †¢spinach, kale and collard greens †¢cherries †¢potatoes †¢imported grapes †¢lettuce The Clean 15 †¢onions †¢avocados †¢sweet corn †¢pineapples †¢mango †¢sweet peas †¢asparagus †¢kiwi fruit †¢cabbage †¢eggplant †¢cantaloupe †¢watermelon †¢grapefruit †¢sweet potatoes †¢sweet onions